Category Archives: Cloud Series

Identifying Clouds Part 10 Conclusion

I hope you have enjoyed reading these posts as much as I have putting them together.  Clouds will probably always remain one of my favorite topics, so you can expect to see more pictures of them in the future.

Some good resources if you’d like to pursue this further are the following…

1. The Book of Clouds by John A. Day

2. Weather World, Photographing the Global Spectacle by Gordon Higgins.

3. Tornado Alley: Monster Storms of the Great Plains by Howard B. Bluestein

Some  good websites that provide excellent information (and more specific details about clouds that I don’t give here) are…

www.thecloudman.com

www.clouds-online.com

ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/home.rxml 

http://www.cloudappreciationsociety.org/gallery/

I’d like to end this series with two things.  The first is a little slideshow I made (click here to see it).  The second is one of my favorite poems by Shelley.

The Cloud

I bring fresh showers for the thirsting flowers,
From the seas and the streams;
I bear light shade for the leaves when laid
In their noonday dreams.
From my wings are shaken the dews that waken
The sweet birds every one,
When rocked to rest on their mother’s breast,
As she dances about the sun.
I wield the flail of the lashing hail,
And whiten the green plains under;
And then again I dissolve it in rain
And laugh as I pass in thunder.

I sift the snow on the mountains below,
And their great pines groan aghast;
And all the night ‘tis my pillow white
While I sleep in the arms of the blast.
Sublime on the towers of my skyey bowers,
Lightening, my pilot, sits;
In a cavern under is fettered the thunder,
It struggles and howls at fits.
Over earth and ocean, with gentle motion,
This pilot is guiding me,
Lured by the love of the genii that move
In the depths of the purple sea;
Over the rills and the crags and the hills,
Over the lake and the plains,
Wherever he dream, under mountain or stream,
The Spirit he loves remains;
And I all the while bask in heaven’s blue smile,
Whilst he is dissolving in rains.

The sanguine sunrise, with his meteor eyes,
And his burning plumes outspread,
Leaps on the back of my sailing rack
While the morning star shines dead.
As, on the jag of a mountain crag
Which an earthquake rocks and swings,
And eagle, alit, one moment may sit
In the light of its golden wings;
And when sunset may breathe, from the lit sea beneath,
In ardours of rest and love,
And the crimson pall of eve may fall
From the depths of heaven above,
With wings folded I rest on mine airy nest
As still as a brooding dive.

That orbed maiden with white fire laden,
Whom mortals call the moon,
Glides glimmering o’er my fleece-like floor,
By the midnight breezes strewn;
And wherever the beat of her unseen feet
Which only the angels hear,
May have broken the woof of my tent’s roof,
The stars peep behind her and peer;
And I laugh to see them whirl and flee,
Like a swarm of golden bees
When I widen the rent in the wind-built tent
Till the calm rivers, lakes and seas,
Like strips of the sky fallen through me on high,
Are each paved with the moon and these.

I bind the sun’s throne with a burning zone
And the moon’s with a girdle of pearl:
The volcanoes are dim, and the stars reel and swim
When the whirlwinds my banner unfurl.
From cape to cape with a bridge-like shape,
Over a torrent sea,
Sunbeam-proof, I hang like a roof,
The mountains its columns be.
The triumphal arch through which I march
With hurricane, fire and snow,
When the powers of air and chained to my chair,
Is the million-coloured bow;
The sphere-fire above its soft colors wove,
While the moist earth was laughing below.

I am the daughter of earth and water,
And the nursling of the sky;
I pass through the pores of the ocean and shores;
I change, but I cannot die.
For after the rain, when never a stain,
The pavilion of heaven is bare
And the winds and sunbeams with their convex gleams,
Build up the blue dome of air –
I silently laugh at my own cenotaph,
And out of the caverns of rain,
Like a child from the womb, like a ghost form the tomb,
I arise and upbuild it again.

Shelley

Happy Cloud-Watching!

P.S. Here’s a Storm Cloud of a different sort… now you know why I named my cat.

Identifying Clouds Part 9 Clouds in the Bible

Did you know that the word cloud is found 107 times in the Bible, and the word clouds 49 times? The word storm is found 14 times, and the world whirlwind 27 times. The word wind is mentioned the most at 123 times.  That’s a total of 320.

Apparently the Bible has something to say about weather.  I lack the space to go through every single verse, but it would be worthwhile to look at a few of them.

I do set my bow in the cloud, and it shall be for a token of a covenant between me and the earth. And it shall come to pass, when I bring a cloud over the earth, that the bow shall be seen in the cloud: And I will remember my covenant, which is between me and you and every living creature of all flesh; and the waters shall no more become a flood to destroy all flesh. And the bow shall be in the cloud; and I will look upon it, that I may remember the everlasting covenant between God and every living creature of all flesh that is upon the earth.  Genesis 9:13-16

And the LORD went before them by day in a pillar of a cloud, to lead them the way; and by night in a pillar of fire, to give them light; to go by day and night: He took not away the pillar of the cloud by day, nor the pillar of fire by night, from before the people.  Exodus 13:21-22

And it came to pass on the third day in the morning, that there were thunders and lightnings, and a thick cloud upon the mount, and the voice of the trumpet exceeding loud; so that all the people that was in the camp trembled.  Exodus 19:16

It came even to pass, as the trumpeters and singers were as one, to make one sound to be heard in praising and thanking the LORD; and when they lifted up their voice with the trumpets and cymbals and instruments of music, and praised the LORD, saying, For he is good; for his mercy endureth for ever: that then the house was filled with a cloud, even the house of the LORD.  So that the priests could not stand to minister by reason of the cloud: for the glory of the LORD had filled the house of God.  2nd Chronicles 5:13

He bindeth up the waters in his thick clouds; and the cloud is not rent under them. He holdeth back the face of his throne, and spreadeth his cloud upon it.  Job 26:8-9

Where wast thou when I laid the foundations of the earth? declare, if thou hast understanding.  Who hath laid the measures thereof, if thou knowest? or who hath stretched the line upon it?  Whereupon are the foundations thereof fastened? or who laid the corner stone thereof;  When the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy?  Or who shut up the sea with doors, when it brake forth, as if it had issued out of the womb?  When I made the cloud the garment thereof, and thick darkness a swaddlingband for it.  Job 38:4-9

Remember these, O Jacob and Israel; for thou art my servant: I have formed thee; thou art my servant: O Israel, thou shalt not be forgotten of me.  I have blotted out, as a thick cloud, thy transgressions, and, as a cloud, thy sins: return unto me; for I have redeemed thee.  Isaiah 44:21-22

Then answered Peter, and said unto Jesus, Lord, it is good for us to be here: if thou wilt, let us make here three tabernacles; one for thee, and one for Moses, and one for Elias. While he yet spake, behold, a bright cloud overshadowed them: and behold a voice out of the cloud, which said, This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased; hear ye him.  Matthew 17:4-5

And he said also to the people, When ye see a cloud rise out of the west, straightway ye say, There cometh a shower; and so it is.  And when ye see the south wind blow, ye say, There will be heat; and it cometh to pass. Ye hypocrites, ye can discern the face of the sky and of the earth; but how is it that ye do not discern this time?  Luke 12:54-56

And when he had spoken these things, while they beheld, he was taken up; and a cloud received him out of their sight. And while they looked stedfastly toward heaven as he went up, behold, two men stood by them in white apparel; Which also said, Ye men of Galilee, why stand ye gazing up into heaven? this same Jesus, which is taken up from you into heaven, shall so come in like manner as ye have seen him go into heaven.  Acts 1:9-11

Wherefore seeing we also are compassed about with so great a cloud of witnesses, let us lay aside every weight, and the sin which doth so easily beset us, and let us run with patience the race that is set before us, Looking unto Jesus the author and finisher of our faith; who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame, and is set down at the right hand of the throne of God.  Hebrew 12:1-2

Identifying Clouds Part 8 Clouds In Art

Part 8 Clouds in Art

Well, I suppose it would only be a matter of time before I got here.  Okay, I’ll admit it, I’m hopeless, but after all, I am an artist, so naturally I would be interested in how one of my favorite subjects is depicted in art.  Here are some of my favorites.

This picture is called After the Storm by L. Hurt. These clouds appear to be low stratus.

This painting is titled Brittany Girl by Daniel Ridgeway Knight. My guess here is that these are fair-weather or swelling cumulus – the effect is light and airy.

Here is a splendid picture of a young cumulonimbus at sunset by F.E. Churchill, one of the Hudson River Valley painters.

This painting, called Majestic Gathering by Edwin Henry Landseer, shows a thick ground fog.

Also by the same artist, this painting shows low stratus and ground fog.  It is titled Monarch of the Glen.

A stormy scene, this is most obviously on the underside of a cumulonimbus cloud.  This is Rembrant’s depiction of the storm on the Sea of Galilee.

Here we have swelling cumulus to cumulus congestus and alto stratus in this painting, called The Harvest, by Robert Zund.

This picture (The Wanderer Above the Sea Fog by Casper David Friedrich) is a combination of ground fog and what appears to be altostratocumulus.

The Oxbow by Thomas Cole. This beautiful painting is one of my all time favorites.  It shows a chain of cumulonimbus clouds and what I like about it is that it gives the close up perspective in the foreground, and the distant perspective in the background.  One gets the idea of how huge these clouds actually are.

So which one is your favorite?

Identifying Clouds Part 7 Forecasting Weather

The immediate benefit of being able to identify different cloud types and understanding something of their nature is that the sky no longer is a blue void.  Forecasting weather takes some experience and, in these days, special equipment, but it is still possible for the average person to look at the sky and form an educated guess as to what’s going on, at least for the next 24 hours.  Here are John A. Day’s Reliable Weather Indicators.

1. Conditions: Cirrostratus clouds with halo, thickening to altostratus; southeast wind increasing in speed and veering to the south; barometer falling. Forecast: continuous rain in 12 hours.
2. ConditionsCirrostratus with halo; southeasterly winds backing to east.  Barometer steady or rising. Forecast: becoming more cloudy with light rain in 24 hours.
3. Conditions: Partly broken to broken stratocumulus; continuous rain ceasing; southwesterly winds moderate; warm and muggy. Forecast: cold front passage in 12 hours with heavy showers.
4. Conditions: Heavy showers with wind shifting from southwest to northwest; barometer rising. Forecast: clearing weather with cooler temperatures.
5. Conditions: Cumulus congestus clouds, thickening with towers, rising. Forecast: showers with in hours.
6. Conditions: Altocumulus clouds forming by midmorning; hot and humid. Forecast: thunderstorms by afternoon.
7. Conditions: High cirrus clouds in long tails, or altocumulus in a pebbled pattern. Forecast: warm front approaching; deteriorating weather.
8. Conditions: Light cumulus, well scattered. Forecast: fair weather continues
9. Conditions: Cloud cover at night, cold temperatures. Forecast: warming tomorrow
10. Conditions: Lightbulb-shaped darkening and lowering cumulonimbus; barometer falling rapidly. Forecast: severe storm with high winds possible soon.  Seek shelter.

Just as a side note, I have been trying to predict the outcome of different weather patterns for years and I find myself in error quite frequently.  From what I’ve read, this is typical.  Weather is something that must observed over very long periods of time before it can be understood, much less predicted.  Since I am still young, that means I have a long way to go.  This is why older farmers have a knack at predicting the weather.  They have had much motivation and observation over many years to forecast as it relates heavily to their employment. 

Identifying Clouds Part 6 Cloud Directory

The following is a brief outline of the major cloud forms.  Now everyone can check my work and see if I identified clouds correctly.

CUMULUS FAMILY

Fair-weather cumulus

- Group: heap
- Base: 2000-4000 ft.
- Top: 4000-6000 ft.
- Air Mass Stability: slightly unstable
- Buoyancy: small positive
- Moisture Content: low
- Temperature: above freezing
- Frontal Lift: none
- Precipitation Type: none

Swelling cumulus

- Group: heap
- Base: 2000-4000 ft.
- Top: 10,000-15,000 ft.
- Air Mass Stability: moderately unstable
- Buoyancy: moderately strong
- Moisture Content: moderate
- Temperature: above freezing
- Frontal Lift: none
- Precipitation Type: none

Cumulus congestus

- Group: heap
- Base: 2000-4000 ft.
- Top: 15,000-25,000 ft.
- Air Mass Stability: unstable
- Buoyancy: strong positive
- Moisture Content: high
- Temperature: top reaching 32o F
- Frontal Lift: none
- Precipitation Type: possible light showers

STATUS FAMILY

Ground fog

- Group: layer
- Base: ground.
- Top: 6000 ft.
- Air Mass Stability: very stable
- Buoyancy: none
- Moisture Content: low
- Temperature: wide range
- Frontal Lift: none
- Precipitation Type: possible mist

Advection fog

- Group: layer
- Base: 100 ft.
- Top: 2000 ft.
- Air Mass Stability: very stable
- Buoyancy: none
- Moisture Content: low
- Temperature: wide range
- Frontal Lift: none
- Precipitation Type: mist

Low stratus

- Group: layer
- Base: 1000-3000 ft.
- Top: 2000-6000 ft.
- Air Mass Stability: very stable
- Buoyancy: none
- Moisture Content: low
- Temperature: wide range
- Frontal Lift: none
- Precipitation Type: mist

Altostratus

- Group: layer
- Base: 10,000-15,000 ft.
- Top: 12,000-18,000 ft.
- Air Mass Stability: stable
- Buoyancy: none
- Moisture Content: moderate
- Temperature: above freezing
- Frontal Lift: warm front
- Precipitation Type: occasional light rain

Cirrostratus

- Group: heap
- Base: 20,000-25,000 ft.
- Top: 25,000-35,000 ft.
- Air Mass Stability: stable
- Buoyancy: neutral
- Moisture Content: low
- Temperature: below freezing
- Frontal Lift: warm front
- Precipitation Type: none

MIXTURE OF CUMULUS AND STRATUS

Stratocumulus

- Group: heaps and/or layers
- Base: 2000-5000 ft.
- Top: 4000-7000 ft.
- Air Mass Stability: slight instability
- Buoyancy: small positive
- Moisture Content: moderate
- Temperature: wide range
- Frontal Lift: none
- Precipitation Type: none

Altostratocumulus (sorry, couldn’t find a picture for this one)

- Group: heaps and/or layers
- Base: 8000-10,000 ft.
- Top: 10,000-14,000 ft.
- Air Mass Stability: slight instability
- Buoyancy: slight positive
- Moisture Content: moderate
- Temperature: above freezing
- Frontal Lift: none
- Precipitation Type: none

Altocumulus

- Group: heaps and/or layers
- Base: 12,000-16,000 ft.
- Top: 14,000-16,000 ft.
- Air Mass Stability: moderate instability
- Buoyancy: positive
- Moisture Content: moderate
- Temperature: above freezing
- Frontal Lift: none
- Precipitation Type: none

Cirrocumulus

- Group: heaps and/or layers
- Base: 20,000-25,000 ft.
- Top: 23,000-27,000 ft.
- Air Mass Stability: slight instability
- Buoyancy: slight positive
- Moisture Content: low
- Temperature: near or below freezing
- Frontal Lift: none
- Precipitation Type: none

PRECIPITATING CLOUDS

Cumulonimbus

- Group: precipitating
- Base: 3000-5000 ft.
- Top: 20,000-70,000 ft.
- Air Mass Stability: very unstable
- Buoyancy: strong positive
- Moisture Content: high
- Temperature: tops below freezing
- Frontal Lift: cold front
- Precipitation Type: heavy showers

Nimbostratus

- Group: precipitating
- Base: 6000-10,000 ft.
- Top: 15,000-18,000 ft.
- Air Mass Stability: very unstable
- Buoyancy: neutral
- Moisture Content: moderate to high
- Temperature: slightly above freezing
- Frontal Lift: warm front
- Precipitation Type: moderate to heavy showers

Cirrus

- Group: precipitating
- Base: 20,000-30,000 ft.
- Top: 30,000-40,000 ft.
- Air Mass Stability: slightly unstable
- Buoyancy: small
- Moisture Content: low
- Temperature: below freezing
- Frontal Lift: none
- Precipitation Type: showers

Identifying Clouds Part 5 Mixture of Cumulus and Stratus

Sometimes atmospheric conditions are just right for members of the cumulus family and the stratus family to commiserate.  Usually cumulus clouds form when there are rising columns of cool air (a column being represented by a cloud), and stratus clouds are formed when there is no vertical movement in the atmosphere.  A mixture of these two types can be found when the atmosphere is stable with just a bit of convection.  That’s when we get stratocumulus, altocumulus, and cirrocumulus.

This spectacular sunrise was taken by my father earlier this year just outside Chicago at about 35,000 feet.  These clouds are called altocumulus.  They indicate instability in the atmosphere.

This plane has just taken off from the McKinney airport and is silhouetted against a beautiful backdrop of altocumulus. 

Here we have swelling cumulus joined by stratus fragments. These clouds are some of the most common at the lower levels of the atmosphere.  Clear spaces between the clouds indicates sinking air that is warm and dry.  The clouds are actually pockets of rising, cool, humid air.

Many of my childhood memories are under skies like this.  We get a lot of these stratocumulus clouds in late May and June.

Identifying Clouds Part 4 High Altitude Clouds

High altitude clouds are something I’m not terribly familiar with, most likely because they aren’t as theatrical as a big Texas thunderstorm, but they do have their interesting points.  Many times, they indicate that storms are to follow.

This picture was taken facing south at the end of our cul-de-sac street one morning in June during my walk.  The sun had just barely risen and the moon was still visible.  I think the clouds  fanning out over the tree line are altostratus.  These clouds may not appear to have the depth of height that the cumulus does and in a way, they don’t.  But they do reach heights of over 18,000 ft.  Usually clouds like this precede rain and we did have rain that day.  The clouds above the moon I think are cirrus clouds.

Here is a close up of the moon surrounded by pale wisps of cirrus.  Cirrus clouds are, surprisingly, classified as precipitating clouds.  This is because they shed ice crystals that evaporate long before they reach the ground.  As may be implied, these clouds form in temperatures below freezing and can reach heights of 40,000 ft.  Some of the most beautiful cloudscapes in the world are made up of these delicate vapors.

This is looking northwest on the same day.  Closer to the viewer are thick masses of cirrus clouds, while further towards the horizon are layers of altostratus tinted pastel pink by the rising sun.

This is a close up of the cirrus clouds.  Cirrus is Latin for curl, so called because the man who named clouds – Luke Howard – thought these resembled a lock of a child’s hair.

This sunrise was also photographed by my father last summer in August at the Blackland Prairie Reserve.  I’m guessing these clouds are altostratus, with perhaps some cirrus.  It’s difficult to tell here because the sunlight is so brilliant.

At first glance, this picture may not look like much to you, especially since the sun is incredibly bright, as in the previous picture.  However there is something special about these clouds.  Can you guess what it is?

These cirrus clouds have produced a sun dog, or mock sun.  A sun dog is born by the refraction of light passing through ice crystals.

And here’s a closer look.  I was delighted to have captured this on film as I’ve only seen this twice in my life.

I took this picture at the farm just above our house.  Here you can see just how beautiful a sky is when cloaked by cirrus clouds.  They form the most delicate patterns, and often sport the loveliest of pastel colors.

These cirrus clouds seem to make up the form of a giant eagle.

Here is a mixture of high clouds, perhaps some altostratus or altocumulus (I still have a hard time telling which from which), and cirrus clouds.  This was taken in the late afternoon.

A beautiful sunset with very high altitude clouds, including altostratus and cirrus.  Along the horizon are the dark purple shapes of cumulus clouds.  The dramatic colors of sunset are caused by the scattering of light along dust particles and water vapor in the atmosphere.  Large particles filter out the blue light, causing the intense yellows, pinks and purples seen here.

Identifying Clouds Part 3 Storm Clouds

If you know me, then you know I love storms.  Big, powerful storms.  Cumulonimbus tops the list of favorite cloud forms.  I haven’t been able to take many pictures of these (all the best cumulonimbus clouds I’ve ever seen were last year’s storms, and I didn’t have a camera then) but I have a few that I can post here.

Storm clouds begin when swelling cumulus accumulate into cumulus congestus.  These then make up the magnificent cumulonimbus, the granddaddy of the cumulus family and my absolute favorite cloud form.  Cumulus congestus are huge – reaching well up to 25,000 ft.  Sometimes light showers fall from them.

This picture was taken facing directly east.  In the foreground there seems to be a lot of cumulus and swelling cumulus just above the tree line and at the top of the picture.  Further back there are three white humps of cumulus congestus. The pale wispy clouds behind them are cirrus clouds.

This looks like an anvil, but at a second look, I’m not so certain it is.  Whether it’s a swelling cumulus or a cumulus congestus, I have no idea.  But take a look at the cloud directly in the big one’s shadow.  That is a swelling cumulus.

Here is a close-up of that cloud.  The tall one is in the shadow of the cloud form above, whereas the little one directly in front is not. 

This picture is taken facing southwest at sunset.  The cloud formation to the lower left is a cumulus congestus towering most likely over 25,000 ft.  The clouds to the lower right belong to a single-celled thunderstorm that loomed over the northwest.  Those white wispy clouds at the top of the picture are cirrus clouds.

This picture of a cumulus congestus was taken the same day as the preceding picture facing the opposite direction (northeast) and the top is still lit by sunlight.  Cumulus congestus is one of my favorite cloud forms to observe because it is actually possible to watch it billow and swell higher and higher into the atmosphere without any artificial aids (time-lapse cameras and things like that).  I’ve seen clouds mushroom twice their size in a matter of minutes.  Bat an eyelash and you’ll miss the whole thing.

Here is that same mass of cumulus congestus taken a bit later when the sun was lower.

This is the storm mentioned previously that formed in the northwest.  It was a fully mature single-celled storm when I photographed it. The top of the storm is illuminated by the setting sun as are the cirrus clouds above and the curtains of rain beneath.  In front are a few cumulus clouds. Notice the plume of ice crystals lit by the sun at the very top of the storm. This storm was dropping lightening bolts right and left as it came close, but I’m not skilled enough with a camera to photograph lightening just yet (that’s something I’m working on).  As the sun slipped away, so did this storm’s source of power, and it died before my eyes. 

Here a spread of cumulus hide from view a towering cumulus congestus, which is just visible as the pale cauliflower shapes.  Above them are the pale wisps of the cirrus clouds.

This is a particularly dramatic view of a cumulus congestus.  As a dying storm swept overhead, the clouds parted to reveal this mountain.

This is a picture from an earlier blog post that some may recognize.  I was absolutely thrilled when I glanced out the window at lunch and saw this one.  Even though I’ve seen many strong storms, I can’t remember if I’ve ever seen one that had such a classic anvil shape – this one looks a lot like the text-book examples.  The anvil is to the left, reaching between 60,000 to 70,000 feet from the ground.  That’s between six to seven miles high, making this magnificent storm higher than Mt. Everest.  Anvils are formed when a rapidly escalating cumulonimbus hits what’s called the tropopause, the line between the troposphere and the drier, colder stratosphere.  The water molecules in the top of the cloud freeze into ice crystals as the cloud spreads underneath the tropopause.  High strong winds then catch hold of the frozen cloud, sometimes making it stretch for long distances.

 

 

Here is an idealized view of a supercell, and you can see how well it matches with the storm above. 

This is the rear of the anvil, about as close as I could photograph (remember, I am several hundred miles away from this storm).  The overshooting top is clearly visible. 

This picture is of an impressive cumulonimbus cloud off the coast of Galveston.  The towering column reaches near 60,000 ft. flanked by lines of swelling cumulus.  In the foreground are higher altitude clouds that I think might be altostratus.  What’s interesting in this picture is that there is a layer of those high altitude clouds on the storm’s right, and it’s actually possible to see the different in height between those clouds and the lower cumulus.

One of our family’s jokes is that when my father moved my mother here 25 years ago, my mother was not so thrilled with Texas.  It was quite different than her beloved childhood home in Pennsylvania, and a far cry from her adult home in the Hudson River Valley in New York.  My mother persisted in her desire to move back to the Northeast and my father told her that as soon as he photographed a tornado, he would wisk her away from Cowboy Country.  

In 2001, during Labor Day Week we were driving west into Frisco when we noticed a strange cloud formation in the cornfield to the northwest.  As we drove closer, it was obvious that it could only be one thing moving out there on the prairie.   At first my mother begged to turn around, probably out of maternal instinct.  (What? My father driving AWAY from a tornado?  You’ve got to be kidding!)  Then it hit her.  She exclaimed, “Grab the camera.  Get the picture!”  I’m sure she had visions of our wagon train headed for Pennsylvania home.  My dad grinned and said, “I forgot it.”

End of story.  We still live in Texas. 

Identifying Clouds Part 2 Cumulus Clouds

In this post, I will be concentrating primarily on clouds from the cumulus family.  I haven’t taken enough pictures to do a blog post on every kind of cloud there is (and with all the categories, the list can be endless), but I will try to include as many types as I can.  Most of these pictures (with a few exceptions) were taken from my backyard, so it is possible to see a great variety of cloud forms from just one location.

Cumulus is Latin for heap or pile, and most of these clouds look like piles of cotton or wool.  Most cumulus clouds are associated with fair weather, flat-bottomed, clumps, with a lot of blue sky showing between the individual clouds.  Unstable air conditions can cause these clouds to swell and congest, eventually leading to cumulonimbus clouds, which we know as thunderstorms.

Cumulus clouds start out as fair-weather cumulus, or, if you want to be technical, cumulus humilus.  These are the clouds most usually described as sheep, or cotton balls.  They form an ascending column of air which is caused by surface solar heating. The clear areas between them a regions of gently descending air.  The base of the cloud can be anywhere from 2000 to 4000 feet off the ground, with the thickness of each cloud being anywhere from 1000-3000 feet.  Despite their appearance, these clouds are anything but small.

This is a single celled swelling cumulus.  Swelling cumulus are fair-weather cumulus that literally “swell” to greater heights, usually producing towers.  This is caused by more intense surface heating which gives the cloud greater buoyancy. 

Here is another singled-celled swelling cumulus that was just south of the previous one.  I am not good at gauging distance and height, but according to what I’ve read the base of this cloud should be approximately between 2000-4000 ft.  I don’t know how high this one is, but some swelling cumulus clouds can tower at 15,000 ft into the troposphere.

Here we have fair-weather cumulus graduating to swelling cumulus.  It’s not uncommon to see different cloud types together.

My father took this picture in September, 2007 while we were vacationing in Galveston, TX.  These clouds were a combination fair-weather and swelling cumulus and provided a beautiful backdrop to the ocean.

Another photograph my father took at Galveston.  This one exemplifies exactly why I love clouds – look at the play of light and shadow pouring off the edge of this one! This is what is commonly called silver lining.  This is caused by sunlight scattering along the edges of a dark cloud.  The white rim is caused by diffration, sunlight being bent by the water droplets in the clouds. This cloud appears to be a swelling cumulus while above it to the left are a few faint wisps of cirrus clouds.

I took this picture recently from my bedroom window.  Here we have fair-weather cumulus moving to swelling cumulus in the foreground, with pale cirrus clouds in the back.

I happen to like this particular cumulus tower.  I don’t know why.  I just like it.   Maybe it’s the way this one is set off by the cirrus clouds above it, or the pastel shade of the clouds behind it…I don’t know.

People might think that in Texas we have no mountains to speak of.  I disagree.  We do have mountains.  It’s just that they aren’t made out of stone or granite.  They can be many different shapes, sizes, and colors, and, unlike most mountains, they don’t remain the same from day to day.  There is endless variety, endless change to be seen in the skies of Texas.

It was scenes like this that made my heart race as a child.  Look at the contrast between light and shadow in this picture!

Identifying Clouds Part 1 Introduction

 The following Cloud Posts are dedicated to my father who is a storm-chaser wannabe.

 There are ten reasons to look up at the sky, according to John A. Day (author of The Book of Clouds).

1.  Clouds and cloudscapes are the greatest free show on earth.  It doesn’t cost a penny to look up and feast your eyes on the view.
2.  Clouds are never exactly the same.  They come and go and take on different forms.  While there are four basic cloud types (cumulus, stratus, cirrus, and nimbus), nature combines them to compose endless symphonies in the skies. 
3.  Many skies are simply beautiful to behold.  There is no other way of saying it.  The graduations of light and color in the late afternoon and very early morning hours are bouquets for the eye.
4.  Clouds are a billboard of Coming Attractions.  While it takes a skilled eye to interpret the messages on the billboard, there is a feeling of immense satisfaction when one’s own forecast is verified.
5.  Observing the sky at regular intervals makes one feel connected to nature.
6.  Cloud watching promotes global consciousness.  Weather satellites bring large-scale images of cloud patterns into our homes.  They help us realize that “our” clouds are connected to other clouds all around the world.
7.  The earth is unique because of its vast amounts of water.  Clouds are made up of water and are a constant reminder of its importance.
8.  Water is a miracle substance.  Scientists have found that simple H2O is anything but simple.  Those H2O molecules link together and bring us the glorious clouds above us.  Without water there would be no clouds.
9.  Cloud watching is an antidote to boredom.  Clouds are ever changing, ever evocative.
10.  Clouds are a magic show.  Where do they come from, and where do they go?  This is a mystery to the nonscientist and an area of endless fascination.

I would add an eleventh reason.

11. The sky is one of the places on earth where it is possible to watch the Creator’s hand at work on a vast scale on a daily basis.  The closest human equivalent would be to watch an experienced painter creating his masterpieces.  Every day for the past 6,000+ years, God has painted a new masterpiece in the sky that is different from the ones preceding and following it.  To watch God’s hand at work every day gives one a greater appreciation for His majesty and power.
 
The skies have fascinated me from a very early age.  I remember, when I was very little, I used to lie on my back in our clover field. If the clover was very tall and if I held very still, the only thing I could see was the sky framed by white clover blossoms.  For the longest time, I would simply stare up, trying in some way to penetrate the atmosphere by sight alone.  I never could understand how something so blue and flat could have such intensity.  Just trying to understand what I was seeing was a difficult task, one I never quite accomplished. 

Even better was when the blue sky was cloaked in clouds.  I loved clouds.  Few things thrilled me more as a child than to look up and see something like this above my house. 

What interested me the most was the play of light and shadow.  I love strong contrasts between light and dark, which is probably one reason why I love clouds so much.  You’ll find a lot of that if you look in the right places.

It wasn’t until I was older, however, that I started to really get interested in the lifecycles and types of clouds.  At the time, I found thunderstorms unnerving, and I was hoping that by understanding how thunderstorms work that my fears would somehow alleviate.  In the process, I totally fell in love with weather.  Instead of feeling dread when I saw a thunderstorm looming ahead, I felt a sense of excitement because I knew of the beautiful scenes that invariably came with them.  Rich sunsets suddenly seemed richer because I was beginning to understand how they were painted.  Cloud-swept mornings became positively delicious. 

Since acquiring a camera, clouds have been a favorite subject.  My next few posts will have some of the best I’ve taken, plus a few more from other sources.


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